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1. ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Á¤Ã¥¿¬±¸¼Ò (Institute for Policy Studies: IPS)¿Í ´ë¿ÜÁ¤Ã¥¿¬±¸¼Ò(Foreign Policy In Focus) ´Â Áö³­ 6¿ù 28ÀÏ ÃÑ 68ÂÊ¿¡ À̸£´Â Á¶»çº¸°í¼­¸¦ ÅëÇØ À̶óÅ© ÀüÀïÀÌ ¹Ì±¹°ú À̶óÅ©, ±×¸®°í Àü ¼¼°è¿¡ ¹ÌÄ£ ¿µÇâÀ» Æ÷°ýÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù.
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¡Ø º°Ã· ¿ä¾à¹ø¿ª¹®, ¿ø¹®Àº http://www.ips.org¿¡¼­ ã¾Æº¼ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
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(º°Ã· ÀÚ·á) ¿ä¾à º¸°í¼­ ¿ø¹® ¹× ¹ø¿ª¹® (ÃÑ 10ÂÊ)
Paying the Price: The Mounting Costs of the Iraq War
À̶óÅ© ÀüÀïÀÇ ´ë°¡ : ½×¿©°¡´Â ºñ¿ë

A Study by the Institute for Policy Studies and Foreign Policy In Focus
Á¤Ã¥¿¬±¸¼Ò¿Í ´ë¿ÜÁ¤Ã¥¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ °øµ¿ ¿¬±¸

I. Costs to the United States ¹Ì±¹¿¡ ³¢Ä£ ºñ¿ë
A. Human Costs Àΰ£ Èñ»ý
U.S. Military Deaths: Between the start of war on March 19, 2003 and June 16, 2004, 952 coalition forces were killed, including 835 U.S. military. Of the total, 693 were killed after President Bush declared the end of combat operations on May 1, 2003. Over 5,134 U.S. troops have been wounded since the war began, including 4,593 since May 1, 2003.
¹Ì±º º´»ç »ç¸Á : 2003³â 3¿ù 19ÀÏ ÀüÀïÀÌ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ ½ÃÁ¡ºÎÅÍ 2004³â 6¿ù 16ÀϱîÁö 835¸íÀÇ ¹Ì±º º´»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© 952¸íÀÇ "¿¬ÇÕ±º" º´»ç°¡ »ç¸ÁÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌÁß 693¸íÀº ºÎ½Ã ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ ÀüÀï Á¾·á¸¦ ¼±¾ðÇÑ 2003³â 5¿ù 1ÀÏ ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ »ç¸ÁÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀüÀïÀÌ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ µÚ ÃÑ 5,134¸íÀÇ ¹Ì±º º´»ç°¡ ºÎ»óÀ» ´çÇß°í, ÀÌÁß 4,593¸íÀÇ ºÎ»óÀº 2003³â 5¿ù 1ÀÏ ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´´Ù.
Contractor Deaths: Estimates range from 50 to 90 civilian contractors, missionaries, and civilian worker deaths. Of these, 36 were identified as Americans.
¹Î°£ÀÎ »ç¸Á : ¾à 50¸í¿¡¼­ 90¸íÀÇ ¹Î°£ ±â¾÷ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ, ¼±±³»ç µîÀÌ »ç¸ÁÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÁß 36¸íÀÌ ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀ¸·Î È®ÀεǾú´Ù.
Journalist Deaths: Thirty international media workers have been killed in Iraq, including 21 since President Bush declared the end of combat operations. Eight of the dead worked for U.S. companies.
±âÀÚ »ç¸Á : 30¸íÀÇ ±¹Á¦ ¾ð·Ð ³ëµ¿ÀÚ°¡ »ç¸ÁÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ÀÌÁß 21¸íÀÌ ºÎ½Ã ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ ÀüÀï Á¾·á¸¦ ¼±¾ðÇÑ ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ »ç¸ÁÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ Áß 8¸íÀÌ ¹Ì±¹°è ¾ð·Ð»ç¿¡ Á¾»çÇÏ´Â ¾ð·Ð³ëµ¿ÀÚ·Î È®ÀεǾú´Ù.

B. Security Costs ¾Èº¸ ºñ¿ë
Terrorist Recruitment and Action: According to the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies, al Qaeda's membership is now at 18,000, with 1,000 active in Iraq. A former CIA analyst and State Department official has documented 390 deaths and 1,892 injuries due to terrorist attacks in 2003. In addition, there were 98 suicide attacks around the world in 2003, more than any year in contemporary history.
Å×·¯ ´ÜüÀÇ Àοø È®Ãæ°ú È°µ¿ : ·±´øÀÇ ±¹Á¦Àü·«¿¬±¸¼Ò¿¡ µû¸£¸é ÇöÀç ¾Ë Ä«¿¡´Ù¿¡´Â 18,000¸íÀÌ È°µ¿ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÌÁß 1,000¿© ¸íÀÌ À̶óÅ©¿¡¼­ È°µ¿ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. Àü ¹Ì±¹ Áß¾ÓÁ¤º¸ºÎ ºÐ¼®°¡ÀÌÀÚ ¹Ì±¹ ±¹¹«¼º °£ºÎÀÇ Á¶»ç¿¡ µû¸£¸é 2003³â¿¡¸¸ Å×·¯¸®½ºÆ® °ø°ÝÀ¸·Î 390¸íÀÌ »ç¸ÁÇÏ¿´°í 1,892¸íÀÌ ºÎ»óÀ» ´çÇß´Ù. 2003³â¿¡¸¸ ÃÑ 98ȸÀÇ ÀÚ»ì °ø°ÝÀÌ °¨ÇàµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ÃÖ±Ù ¿ª»ç»ó ¾î´À Çغ¸´Ù ³ôÀº ±â·ÏÀÌ´Ù.
Low U.S. Credibility: Polls reveal that the war has damaged the U.S. government's standing and credibility in the world. Surveys in eight European and Arab countries demonstrated broad public agreement that the war has hurt, rather than helped, the war on terrorism. At home, 54 percent of Americans polled by the Annenberg Election Survey felt that the "the situation in Iraq was not worth going to war over."
¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ½Å·Ú¼º ÀúÇÏ : ¿©·Ð Á¶»ç¿¡ µû¸£¸é ÀÌ ¹ø ÀüÀïÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹Ì±¹ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¼¼°èÀû À§»ó°ú ½Å·Ú¼ºÀÌ ÇöÀúÇÏ°Ô ÈѼյǾú´Ù. 8°³ÀÇ À¯·´ ±¹°¡¿Í ¾Æ¶ø ±¹°¡¿¡¼­ ÁøÇàµÈ Á¶»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé ÀÌ ¹ø ÀüÀïÀº "Å×·¯¿ÍÀÇ ÀüÀï"À» Àü°³ÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¾Ç¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆ´Ù´Â ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ´ëÁßÀû ÇÕÀÇ°¡ Çü¼ºµÇ¾úÀ½ÀÌ µå·¯³µ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­´Â ¾Æ³Ù¹ö±×¼±°ÅÁ¶»ç(Annenberg Election Survey)°¡ ÁøÇàÇÑ Á¶»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀÇ 54%°¡ "À̶óÅ©¸¦ ÀÌÀ¯·Î ÀüÀïÇÒ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù"°í ÀνÄÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î µå·¯³µ´Ù.
Military Mistakes: A number of former military officials have criticized the war, including retired Marine General Anthony Zinni, former commander of the U.S. Central Command, who has charged that by manufacturing a false rationale for war, abandoning traditional allies, propping up and trusting Iraqi exiles, and failing to plan for post-war Iraq, the Bush Administration made the United States less secure.
±º»çÀû ½Ç¼öµé : ÀüÀïÀ» À§ÇØ °ÅÁþ ±Ù°Å¸¦ Á¶ÀÛÇÏ°í, ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ µ¿¸Í ±¹°¡µéÀ» Àú¹ö¸®°í, À̶óÅ© ¸Á¸í ÀλçµéÀ» ¾Õ¼¼¿ì°í ¹ÏÀ½À¸·Î½á, ±×¸®°í ÀüÀï ÈÄ À̶óÅ©¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °èȹÀ» ¼ö¸³ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ½ÇÆÐÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ºÎ½Ã Á¤ºÎ°¡ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¾Èº¸¸¦ ´õ¿í Ãë¾àÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ºñÆÇÇÑ ¹Ì±¹ Áß¾Ó »ç·ÉºÎÀÇ Àü »ç·É°ü ¾È½î´Ï Áö´Ï µî ¸¹Àº Àü ±º À强µéÀÌ À̹ø ÀüÀïÀ» ºñÆÇÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Low Troop Morale and Lack of Equipment: A March 2004 army survey found 52 percent of soldiers reporting low morale, and three-fourths reporting they were poorly led by their officers. Lack of equipment has been an ongoing problem. The Army did not fully equip soldiers with bullet-proof vests until June 2004, forcing many families to purchase them out of their own pockets.
º´»ç »ç±â ÀúÇÏ ¹× Àåºñ ºÎÁ· : 2004³â 3¿ù ¹Ì À°±ºÀÇ Á¶»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ¹Ì±¹ º´»çÀÇ 52%°¡ »ç±â ÀúÇϸ¦ ´À³¢°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç 4¸í Áß 3¸íÀÌ °£ºÎÀÇ Áöµµ ¿ªÇÒÀÌ Çã¼úÇÏ´Ù°í ÀÀ´äÇÏ¿´´Ù. Àåºñ ºÎÁ·µµ °è¼ÓµÈ ¹®Á¦·Î ÁöÀûµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¹Ì À°±ºÀº 2004³â 6¿ù±îÁö Àü º´»çµé¿¡°Ô ¹æźº¹À» Áö±ÞÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ ¸¹Àº º´»çÀÇ °¡Á·ÀÌ Á÷Á¢ ¹æźº¹À» ±¸ÀÔÇÏ¿© ÀÚ³àµé¿¡°Ô º¸³»ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
Loss of First Responders: National Guard troops make up almost one-third of the U.S. Army troops now in Iraq. Their deployment puts a particularly heavy burden on their home communities because many are "first responders," including police, firefighters, and emergency medical personnel. For example, 44 percent of the country's police forces have lost officers to Iraq. In some states, the absence of so many Guard troops has raised concerns about the ability to handle natural disasters.
À̶óÅ©¿¡ Æĺ´µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¹Ì À°±ºÀÇ 1/3ÀÌ ÁÖ ¹æÀ§±º º´»ç·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. À̵éÀº ÁÖ·Î °æÂû, ¼Ò¹æ¼­, ÀÀ±Þ Áø·á ¼­ºñ½º ±â°üÀÇ ¿ä¿øÀ¸·Î¼­ ÃÖÃÊ ¼ÒÁý ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ¡¹ßµÇ¾î ÀڽŵéÀÌ ¼ÓÇØ ÀÖ´Â Áö¿ª »çȸ¿Í °¡Àå¿¡ ¸¹Àº ¾î·Á¿òÀ» ¾ß±âÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÏ ¿¹·Î ¹Ì±¹ Àüü °æÂû¼­ÀÇ 44%¿¡¼­ ÀηÂÀÌ À̶óÅ© ÀüÀï¿¡ Â÷ÃâµÇ¾î Àη ¼Õ½ÇÀ» °Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸î¸î ÁÖ¿¡¼­´Â ÁÖ ¹æÀ§±ºÀÇ »ó´ç ºÎºÐÀÌ À̶óÅ©¿¡ ÆÄ°ßµÊÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀÚ¿¬ ÀçÇØ ´ëÀÀ ´É·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì·Á¸¦ ³º°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Use of Private Contractors: An estimated 20,000 private contractors are carrying out work in Iraq traditionally done by the military, despite the fact that they often lack sufficient training and are not accountable to the same guidelines and reviews as military personnel.
¹Î°£ ±â¾÷ÀÇ È°¿ë : ¾à 20,000°³ÀÇ ¹Î°£ ±â¾÷ÀÌ ÀüÅëÀûÀ¸·Î ±ºÀÌ Á÷Á¢ ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â ÀÛ¾÷À» ´ã´çÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̵éÀº ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ¹ÞÁöµµ ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç ±º Àη¿¡°Ô ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ÁöħÀ̳ª Æò°¡ ÀÛ¾÷ÀÇ ´ë»ó¿¡¼­ Á¦¿ÜµÇ¾î ¾Æ¹«·± Ã¥ÀÓµµÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Æµµ µÈ´Ù.

C. Economic Costs °æÁ¦Àû ºñ¿ë
The Bill So Far: Congress has already approved of $126.1 billion for Iraq and an additional $25 billion is heading towards Congressional approval, for a total of $151.1 billion through this year. Congressional leaders have promised an additional supplemental appropriation after the election.
Áö±Ý±îÁöÀÇ ºñ¿ë : ¹Ì±¹ ÀÇȸ´Â À̶óÅ© ÀüÀï ¼öÇàÀ» À§ÇØ ÃÑ 1,261¾ï ´Þ·¯ÀÇ ¿¹»êÀ» ½ÂÀÎÇÏ¿´°í 250¾ï ´Þ·¯ÀÇ Ãß°¡ ¿¹»ê °èȹÀÌ Á¦ÃâµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. 2004³â±îÁö ÃÑ 1,511¾ï ´Þ·¯ÀÇ ¿¹»êÀÌ ÁöÃâµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÇȸ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº ¼±°Å ÀÌÈÄ Ãß°¡ º¸¿Ï ¿¹»êÀ» ½ÂÀÎÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¾à¼ÓÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Long-term Impact on U.S. Economy: Economist Doug Henwood has estimated that the war bill will add up to an average of at least $3,415 for every U.S. household. Another economist, James Galbraith of the University of Texas, predicts that while war spending may boost the economy initially, over the long term it is likely to bring a decade of economic troubles, including an expanded trade deficit and high inflation.
¹Ì±¹ °æÁ¦¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â Àå±âÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâ : °æÁ¦ÇÐÀÚÀÎ ´õ±× Çî¿ìµå´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÀüÀï ºñ¿ëÀº ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÇÑ °¡Á¤ ´ç ÃÖ¼Ò 3,415´Þ·¯ÀÇ ºñ¿ëÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÏ´Â È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ºÐ¼®ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Åػ罺´ëÇÐÀÇ Á¦ÀÓ½º °¥ºê·¹À̾² °æÁ¦ÇÐ ±³¼ö´Â Àü½Ã ÁöÃâÀÌ Ã³À½¿¡´Â °æÁ¦¸¦ ºÎ¾ç½ÃÅ°´Â È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ°ÚÁö¸¸ Àå±âÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ 10³â °£ ¹«¿ª ÀûÀÚÀÇ È®´ë¿Í ³ôÀº ¹°°¡ ÀλóÀ² µî ¸¹Àº °æÁ¦Àû ¾î·Á¿òÀ» ¾ß±âÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ³»´Ùº¸¾Ò´Ù.
Oil Prices: Gas prices topped $2 a gallon in May 2004, a development that most analysts attribute at least in part to the deteriorating situation in Iraq. According to a mid-May CBS survey, 85 percent of Americans said they had been affected measurably by higher gas prices. According to one estimate, if crude oil prices stay around $40 a barrel for a year, U.S. gross domestic product will decline by more than $50 billion.
¼®À¯ °¡°Ý : 2004³â 5¿ù ÈÖ¹ßÀ¯ °¡°ÝÀÌ 1 °¶·± ´ç 2´Þ·¯ (1¸®ÅÍ ´ç 52¼¾Æ®)¿¡ À̸£·¶´Âµ¥, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ºÐ¼®°¡µéÀº ÀÌ´Â ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î À̶óÅ© »óȲÀÇ ¾ÇÈ­¿¡ µû¸¥ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÆľÇÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 5¿ù Áß¼ø CBS Á¶»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé 85%ÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀÌ ÈÖ¹ßÀ¯ °¡°ÝÀÇ ÀλóÀ¸·Î ÇǺηΠ´À³¥°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù. ¶Ç´Ù¸¥ Á¶»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ¿øÀ¯°¡°¡ ÇÑ ÇØ µ¿¾È ¹è·² ´ç 40´Þ·¯¿¡ ¸Ó¹°°Ô µÇ¸é ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Ãѱ¹³»»ý»êÀÌ 500¾ï ´Þ·¯ Ãà¼ÒµÇ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹ÃøµÇ¾ú´Ù.
Economic Impact on Military Families: Since the beginning of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, 364,000 reserve troops and National Guard soldiers have been called for military service, serving tours of duty that often last 20 months. Studies show that between 30 and 40 percent of reservists and National Guard members earn a lower salary when they leave civilian employment for military deployment. Army Emergency Relief has reported that requests from military families for food stamps and subsidized meals increased "several hundred percent" between 2002 and 2003.
±º º´»çµéÀÇ °¡Á·¿¡ ³¢ÃÄÁö´Â °æÁ¦Àû ¿µÇâ : À̶óÅ©¿Í ¾ÆÇÁ°¡´Ï½ºÅº¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÀüÀïÀÌ ½ÃÀÛµÈ ÈÄ ÃÑ 36¸¸ 4õ ¸íÀÇ ¿¹ºñ±º°ú ÁÖ ¹æÀ§±º º´»çµéÀÌ Çö¿ªÀ¸·Î Â÷ÃâµÇ¾î ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î 20°³¿ù µ¿¾È ÀüÀå¿¡¼­ º¹¹«ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿¬±¸¿¡ µû¸£¸é ¿¹ºñ±º°ú ÁÖ ¹æÀ§±º º´»çÀÇ 30-40%°¡ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¹Î°£ Á÷ÀåÀ» ¹þ¾î³ª ±º¿¡ ¹èÄ¡µÇ¸é ÀÓ±Ý ¼ÒµæÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. À°±ºÀÀ±Þ±¸Á¶´ÜÀº 2002³âºÎÅÍ 2003³â »çÀÌ¿¡ ½Ä·® ÄíÆù°ú ½Ä»çº¸Á¶±ÝÀ» ¿äûÇÏ´Â ±º º´»ç °¡Á·ÀÇ ¼ö°¡ "¼ö ¹é ÆÛ¼¾Æ®" Áõ°¡Çß´Ù°í º¸°íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

D. Social Costs »çȸÀû ºñ¿ë
U.S. Budget and Social Programs: The Bush administration's combination of massive spending on the war and tax cuts for the wealthy means less money for social spending. The $151.1 billion expenditure for the war through this year could have paid for: close to 23 million housing vouchers; health care for over 27 million uninsured Americans; salaries for nearly 3 million elementary school teachers; 678,200 new fire engines; over 20 million Head Start slots for children; or health care coverage for 82 million children. Instead, the administration's FY 2005 budget request proposes deep cuts in critical domestic programs and virtually freezes funding for domestic discretionary programs other than homeland security. Federal spending cuts will deepen the budget crises for local and state governments, which are expected to suffer a $6 billion shortfall in 2005.
¹Ì±¹ Á¤ºÎ ¿¹»ê°ú »çȸº¹Áö ¿¹»ê : ºÎ½Ã Á¤ºÎÀÇ ´ë±Ô¸ð ÀüÀï ¿¹»ê°ú ºÎÀÚµéÀ» À§ÇÑ Á¶¼¼ »è°¨À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ »çȸº¹Áö ÁöÃâ¿¡ ¹è´çµÈ ¿¹»êÀÌ ±Þ°ÝÇÏ°Ô Ãà¼ÒµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿ÃÇرîÁö ÀüÀï¿¡ ÅõÀԵǴ 1,511¾ï ´Þ·¯´Â 2,300¸¸ °ÇÀÇ ÁÖÅà º¸Á¶±Ý, ÀǷẸÇè¿¡ °¡ÀÔÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â 2,700¸¸ ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀÇ ÀÇ·á ºñ¿ë, ¾à 300¸¸ ¸íÀÇ ÃʵîÇб³ ±³»ç ¿ù±Þ, 68¸¸ ´ëÀÇ ½Å±Ô ¼Ò¹æÂ÷ ±¸ÀÔ, 2,000¸¸ ¸íÀÇ ¾î¸°ÀÌÀÇ ±³À° º¸Á¶±Ý, ¶Ç´Â 8,200¸¸ ¾î¸°ÀÌÀÇ ÀǷẸ°Ç ºñ¿ëÀ» ´ã´çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±Ô¸ðÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â Á¤ºÎ°¡ 2005³â ¿¹»ê¿¡¼­ Áß¿äÇÑ »çȸº¹Áö »ç¾÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹»ê »è°¨°ú ±¹Åä¹æÀ§ »ç¾÷À» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ¸ðµç ±¹³»Àû Àç·®Àû »ç¾÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹»ê º¸Á¶±ÝÀÇ µ¿°áÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎÀÇ ¿¹»ê »è°¨Àº 2005³â¿¡ ÃÑ 60¾ï ´Þ·¯ÀÇ ¿¹»êÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÇ´Â ÁöÀÚü¿Í ÁÖ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ÀçÁ¤ À§±â¸¦ ´õ¿í ½ÉÈ­½ÃÅ°°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Social Costs to the Military: Thus far, the Army has extended the tours of duty of 20,000 soldiers. These extensions have been particularly difficult for reservists, many of whom never expected to face such long separations from their jobs and families. According to military policy, reservists are not supposed to be on assignment for more than 12 months every 5-6 years. To date, the average tour of duty for all soldiers in Iraq has been 320 days. A recent Army survey revealed that more than half of soldiers said they would not re-enlist.
±º¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â »çȸÀû ¿µÇâ : Áö±Ý±îÁö ¹Ì À°±ºÀº 2¸¸¸íÀÇ º´»çÀÇ ÀüÀå º¹¸ð ±â°£À» ¿¬ÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º¹¹« ±â°£ ¿¬ÀåÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á÷Àå°ú °¡Á·À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¿À·£ ±â°£µ¿¾È ¶³¾îÁ® ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¿¹»óÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ø ¿¹ºñ±º º´»çµé¿¡°Ô ¸¹Àº ¾î·Á¿òÀ» ¾ß±âÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±º Á¤Ã¥¿¡ µû¸£¸é ¿¹ºñ±º º´»çµéÀº 5-6³â ±â°£ µ¿¾È 12°³¿ù ÀÌ»ó Çö¿ª º¹¹«¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¸øÇϵµ·Ï µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. Áö±Ý±îÁö À̶óÅ©¿¡ Æĺ´µÈ ¸ðµç º´»çµéÀÇ Æò±Õ ÀüÀå º¹¹« ±â°£Àº 320ÀÏ¿¡ À̸£°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù À°±º Á¶»ç¿¡ µû¸£¸é º´»çµéÀÇ ¹Ý ÀÌ»óÀÌ ±º¿¡ Àç Áö¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Ù´Â Àǻ縦 Ç¥¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Costs to Veteran Health Care: About 64 percent of the more than 5,000 U.S. soldiers injured in Iraq received wounds that prevented them from returning to duty. One trend has been an increase in amputees, the result of improved body armor that protects vital organs but not extremities. As in previous wars, many soldiers are likely to have received ailments that will not be detected for years to come. The Veterans Administration healthcare system is not prepared for the swelling number of claims. In May, the House of Representatives approved funding for FY 2005 that is $2.6 billion less than needed, according to veterans' groups.
ÀçÇⱺÀÎÀÇ ÀÇ·á ºñ¿ë : À̶óÅ©¿¡¼­ ºÎ»ó´çÇÑ 5,000¸íÀÇ º´»çµé °¡¿îµ¥ 64%°¡ Çö¿ª º¹±Í°¡ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ ºÎ»óÀ» ÀÔÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î Á¶»çµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸öÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ±â°üÀº º¸È£ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÆÈ´Ù¸® µî ¿ÜºÎ ±â°ü¿¡ º¸È£ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â º¸È£ ÀåºñÀÇ °³¼±À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÆÈ´Ù¸®ÀÇ Àý´Ü »ç·Ê°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Ãß¼¼ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌÀü ÀüÀï¿¡¼­Ã³·³ ¸¹Àº º´»çµéÀÌ ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ¸î ³â µ¿¾È ÆľÇÇϱ⠾î·Á¿î º´¿¡ °É¸± °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô´Ù. º¸ÈÆóÀÇ ÀÇ·á¼­ºñ½º ü°è´Â ±ÞÁõÇÏ´Â ¼ö±Þ ½Åû¿¡ ÀüÇô Áغñ°¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ù. ÀçÇⱺÀÎ ´ÜüµéÀº ÀÇȸ ÇÏ¿ø¿¡¼­ ½ÂÀÎÇÑ 2005³â ¿¹»ê¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ½ÇÁ¦ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¿¹»êº¸´Ù 26¾ï ´Þ·¯°¡ ¸ðÀÚ¶ó´Â ±Ô¸ð¶ó°í ÁöÀûÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Mental Health Costs: A December 2003 Army report was sharply critical of the military's handling of mental health issues. It found that more than 15 percent of soldiers in Iraq screened positive for traumatic stress, 7.3 percent for anxiety, and 6.9 percent for depression. The suicide rate among soldiers increased from an eight-year average of 11.9 per 100,000 to 15.6 per 100,000 in 2003. Almost half of soldiers surveyed reported not knowing how to obtain mental health services.
Á¤½Å °Ç°­ ºñ¿ë : 2003³â 12¿ù¿¡ °ø°³µÈ À°±º º¸°í¼­´Â Á¤½Å °Ç°­ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ºÀÇ Á¢±Ù ¹æ½Ä¿¡ ´ëÇØ °­µµ ³ôÀº ºñÆÇÀ» ´ã°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ º¸°í¼­´Â À̶óÅ©¿¡ º¹¹«ÇÑ º´»çµé Áß 15%°¡ Æ®·Î¿ì¸¶ ½ºÆ®·¹½º, 7.3%°¡ ºÒ¾È, ±×¸®°í 6.9%°¡ ¿ì¿ïÁõ Áõ¼¼¸¦ º¸¿´´Ù°í ¹àÈ÷°í ÀÖ´Ù. º´»çµéÀÇ ÀÚ»ìÀ²ÀÌ 8³â Æò±ÕÄ¡ÀÎ 10¸¸¸í´ç 11.9¸í¿¡¼­ Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿© 2003³â¿¡´Â 10¸¸ ¸í´ç 15.6¸íÀ¸·Î Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù. Á¶»ç ´ë»ó º´»çµé Áß 50%¿¡ °¡±î¿î º´»çµéÀÎ Á¤½Å °Ç°­ °ü·Ã ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÆľǵǾú´Ù.


II. Costs to Iraq À̶óÅ©¿¡ ³¢Ä£ ºñ¿ë
A. Human Costs Àΰ£ Â÷¿øÀÇ ºñ¿ë
Iraqi Deaths and Injuries: As of June 16, 2004, between 9,436 and 11,317 Iraqi civilians have been killed as a result of the U.S. invasion and ensuing occupation, while an estimated 40,000 Iraqis have been injured. During "major combat" operations, between 4,895 and 6,370 Iraqi soldiers and insurgents were killed.
À̶óÅ©ÀÎ »ç¸ÁÀÚ¿Í ºÎ»óÀÚ : 2004³â 6¿ù 16ÀÏ ÇöÀç 9,436¸í¿¡¼­ 1¸¸ 1,317¸í »çÀÌÀÇ À̶óÅ© ¹Î°£ÀÎÀÌ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Ä§·« ÀüÀï°ú ±×¿¡ ÀÌÀº Á¡·ÉÀÇ °á°ú·Î »ç¸ÁÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¾à 4¸¸ ¸íÀÇ À̶óÅ© ÀεéÀÌ ºÎ»óÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. "ÁÖ¿ä ÀüÅõ"·Î ÀÎÇØ 4,895¸í¿¡¼­ 6,370¸í »çÀÌÀÇ À̶óÅ© ±º º´»ç¿Í ÀúÇ×Áý´Ü º´»çµéÀÌ »ç¸ÁÇÏ¿´´Ù.
Effects of Depleted Uranium: The health impacts of the use of depleted uranium weaponry in Iraq are yet to be known. The Pentagon estimates that U.S. and British forces used 1,100 to 2,200 tons of weaponry made from the toxic and radioactive metal during the March 2003 bombing campaign. Many scientists blame the far smaller amount of DU weapons used in the Persian Gulf War for illnesses among U.S. soldiers, as well as a sevenfold increase in child birth defects in Basra in Southern Iraq.
¿­È­ ¿ì¶ó´½ÀÇ ¿µÇâ : À̶óÅ©¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÈ ¿­È­ ¿ì¶ó´½À¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ º¸°Ç ¹®Á¦´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ì Æ柰ïÀº 2003³â 3¿ù ¹Ì±¹±º°ú ¿µ±¹±ºÀÌ Æø°Ý ÀÛÀüÀ» ÁøÇàÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È »ç¿ëÇÑ À¯ÇØ ¹°Áú°ú ¹æ»ç´É ¹°Áú·Î Á¦Á¶µÈ ÆøźÀº ¾à 1,100Åæ¿¡¼­ 2,200Åæ¿¡ ´ÞÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹ÃøÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¹Àº °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº °ÉÇÁ ÀüÀï ¶§ À̺¸´Ù ÈξÀ ÀûÀº ¾çÀÇ ¿­È­ ¿ì¶ó´½ Æøź »ç¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¸¹Àº ¹Ì±º º´»ç¿¡ Áúº´À» ¾ß±âÇßÀ¸¸ç ³²ºÎ À̶óÅ©ÀÇ ¹Ù½º¶ó Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ Àå¾Ö¾Æ Ãâ»ýÀ²ÀÌ 7¹è Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â °á°ú¸¦ °¡Á®¿Ô´Ù°í ÁöÀûÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

B. Security Costs ¾Èº¸ ºñ¿ë
Rise in Crime: Murder, rape, and kidnapping have skyrocketed since March 2003, forcing Iraqi children to stay home from school and women to stay off the streets at night. Violent deaths rose from an average of 14 per month in 2002 to 357 per month in 2003.
¹üÁË Áõ°¡ : 2003³â 3¿ù ÀÌÈÄ, »ìÀÎ, °­°£, ³³Ä¡ µîÀÇ ¹üÁË°¡ ±ÞÁõÇÏ¿© ¾î¸°À̵éÀÌ Çб³¿¡ µî±³ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ¿©¼ºµéÀÌ Àú³á¿¡ ¹Û¿¡ ³ª°¡Áö ¸øÇÏ´Â »ç·Ê°¡ È®»êµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 2002³â ¸Å¿ù 14°Ç¿¡ ¸Ó¹°´ø Æø·Â »ç¸Á »ç°ÇÀÌ 2003³â¿¡ µé¾î 357°ÇÀ¸·Î Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
Psychological Impact: Living under occupation without the most basic security has devastated the Iraqi population. A poll by the U.S. Coalition Provisional Authority in May 2004 found that 80 percent of Iraqis say they have "no confidence" in either the U.S. civilian authorities or in the coalition forces, and 55 percent would feel safer if U.S. and other foreign troops left the country immediately.
Á¤½ÅÀÇÇÐÀû ¿µÇâ : °¡Àå ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¾ÈÀüÀÌ º¸ÀåµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â Á¡·É »óÅ¿¡¼­ÀÇ »ýÈ°Àº À̶óÅ©ÀεéÀÇ »îÀ» Æı«½ÃÄ×´Ù. 2004³â 5¿ù ¹Ì±¹¿¬ÇÕ±ºÀÓ½ÃÇàÁ¤ºÎ°¡ ½ÃÇàÇÑ Á¶»ç¿¡ µû¸£¸é À̶óÅ©ÀÎÀÇ 80%°¡ ¹Ì±¹ ¹Î°£ÀÎ ÇàÁ¤ºÎ³ª ¿¬ÇÕ±º¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½Å·ÚÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µÀ¸¸ç 55%°¡ ¹Ì±º°ú ±× ¿Ü ¿Ü±¹ ±º´ë°¡ Áï°¢ ö¼öÇÒ ¶§ º¸´Ù ¾ÈÀüÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.

C. The Economic Costs °æÁ¦Àû ¿µÇâ
Unemployment: Iraqi joblessness doubled from 30 percent before the war to 60 percent in the summer of 2003. While the Bush administration now claims that unemployment has dropped, only 1 percent of Iraq's workforce of 7 million is involved in reconstruction projects.
½Ç¾÷ : À̶óÅ©ÀÇ ½Ç¾÷À²Àº ÀüÀï Àü¿¡ 30%¿´Áö¸¸ 2003³â ¿©¸§¿¡ µé¾î 60%·Î ±ÞÁõÇÏ¿´´Ù. ºÎ½Ã ÇàÁ¤ºÎ°¡ ½Ç¾÷À²ÀÌ ³»·Á°¬´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ°í ÀÖÁö¸¸ À̶óÅ©ÀÇ 700¸¸ ³ëµ¿Àα¸ °¡¿îµ¥ 1%¸¸ÀÌ Àç°Çº¹±¸ »ç¾÷¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ³´Ù.
Corporate War Profiteering: Most of Iraq's reconstruction has been contracted out to U.S. companies, rather than experienced Iraqi firms. Top contractor Halliburton is being investigated for charging $160 million for meals that were never served to troops and $61 million in cost overruns on fuel deliveries. Halliburton employees also took $6 million in kickbacks from subcontractors, while other employees have reported extensive waste, including the abandonment of $85,000 trucks because they had flat tires.
±â¾÷ÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌÀÍ Ã¬±â±â : À̶óÅ© Àç°Çº¹±¸ »ç¾÷ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº °æÇè ¸¹Àº À̶óÅ© ±â¾÷º¸´Ù´Â ¹Ì±¹ ±â¾÷¿¡ ¸Ã°ÜÁ³´Ù. °¡Àå Å« ±Ô¸ð¸¦ ÀÚ¶ûÇÏ´Â ¹Î°£ ±â¾÷ÀÎ ÇÒ¸®¹öÅÏÀº ½ÇÁ¦ ±º º´»çµé¿¡°Ô Á¦°øµµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ½Ä»ç¿¡ ´ëÇØ 1¾ï6õ¸¸ ´Þ·¯¸¦ ¼ö·ÉÇÏ´Â °Í ±×¸®°í ¿¬·á ¹è´Þ¿¡ 6,100¸¸ ´Þ·¯¸¦ û±¸ÇÑ °Í µî°ú °°Àº ºñ¸®·Î Á¶»ç¸¦ ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÒ¸®¹öÅÏÀÇ °£ºÎµéÀº Á¤ºÎ·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼öÀÓÇÑ »ç¾÷À» ´Ù½Ã ÀçÇÏûÀ» Áָ鼭 ´Ù¸¥ ¹Î°£ ±â¾÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍ 600¸¸ ´Þ·¯ÀÇ ³ú¹°À» ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ³À¸¸ç ŸÀ̾ ÆãÅ©°¡ ³µ´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î 8¸¸5õ ´Þ·¯Â¥¸® Æ®·°À» ¹ö¸®´Â °Í°ú °°Àº ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ³¶ºñ¸¦ ÀÚÇàÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹àÇôÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Iraq's Oil Economy: Anti-occupation violence has prevented Iraq from capitalizing on its oil assets. There have been an estimated 130 attacks on Iraq's oil infrastructure. In 2003, Iraq's oil production dropped to 1.33 million barrels per day, down from 2.04 million in 2002.
À̶óÅ©ÀÇ ¼®À¯ °æÁ¦ : Á¡·É±º¿¡ ÀúÇ×ÇÏ´Â Æø·Â »ç°ÇÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ À̶óÅ©´Â ¼®À¯ ÀÚ¿øÀ» ÃÖ´ëÇÑ È°¿ëÇϱ⠸øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̶óÅ© ¼®À¯ ÀÎÇÁ¶ó¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾à 130°ÇÀÇ °ø°ÝÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³´Ù. 2003³â¿¡ µé¾î À̶óÅ©ÀÇ ¼®À¯ »ý»ê·®Àº 2002³â ÀÏÀÏ 204¸¸ ¹è·²¿¡¼­ 133¸¸ ¹è·²·Î ÁÙ¾îµé¾ú´Ù.
Health Infrastructure: After more than a decade of crippling sanctions, Iraq's health facilities were further damaged during the war and post-invasion looting. Iraq's hospitals continue to suffer from lack of supplies and an overwhelming number of patients.
º¸°ÇÀÇ·á ÀÎÇÁ¶ó : 10¿© ³â¿¡ À̸£´Â °æÁ¦ Á¦Àç·Î ÀÎÇØ ³«ÈÄµÈ À̶óÅ©ÀÇ º¸°ÇÀÇ·á ½Ã¼³Àº ÀüÀï ±×¸®°í ħ·« ÀÌÈÄ ¹ß»ýÇÑ ¾àÅ»·Î ÀÎÇØ ´õ¿í´õ ½ÉÇÏ°Ô Æı«µÇ¾ú´Ù. À̶óÅ©ÀÇ º´¿ø¿¡´Â Àåºñ ¹°Ç° ºÎÁ·°ú ³ÑÄ¡´Â ȯÀÚ·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¾Ð¹ÚÀ» ¹þ¾î³ªÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Education: UNICEF estimates that more than 200 schools were destroyed in the conflict and thousands more were looted in the chaos following the fall of Saddam Hussein. Largely because of security concerns, school attendance in April 2004 was well below pre-war levels.
±³À° : À¯´Ï¼¼ÇÁ´Â 200°³ÀÇ Çб³°¡ ÀüÀïÀ¸·Î Æı«µÇ¾ú°í »ç´ã Èļ¼ÀΠüÁ¦°¡ ºØ±«ÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³­ È¥¶õ ¼Ó¿¡ ¼öõ °³ÀÇ Çб³°¡ ¾àÅ»À» ´çÇß´Ù°í ÃßÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ÈÀü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÒ¾ÈÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ 2004³â 4¿ù Çб³ µî±³À²Àº ÀüÀï Àü ¼öÁØ¿¡ ÈξÀ ¸ø ¹ÌÄ¡°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Environment: The U.S-led attack damaged water and sewage systems and the country's fragile desert ecosystem. It also resulted in oil well fires that spewed smoke across the country and left unexposed ordnance that continues to endanger the Iraqi people and environment. Mines and unexploded ordnance cause an estimated 20 casualties per month.
ȯ°æ : ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ ÁÖµµÇÑ °ø°ÝÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ »óÇϼöµµ ½Ã¼³ÀÌ Æı«µÇ¾ú°í Ãë¾àÇÑ »ç¸· »ýÅ°谡 Å« ÇÇÇظ¦ ÀÔ¾ú´Ù. ÀüÀïÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ À̶óÅ© Àü¿ªÀ» ¿¬±â·Î µÚ¾þ´Â À¯Àü È­Àç°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¹æÄ¡µÈ ¹ÌÆø¹ß ÆøźÀº À̶óÅ© ±¹¹Î°ú ȯ°æ¿¡ Å« À§ÇùÀÌ µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Áö·Ú¿Í ¹ÌÆø¹ß ÆøźÀÇ Æø¹ß·Î ÀÎÇØ ¸Å´Þ 20¸íÀÇ »ç»óÀÚ°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Human Rights Costs: Even with Saddam Hussein overthrown, Iraqis continue to face human rights violations from occupying forces. In addition to the widely publicized humiliation and abuse of prisoners, the U.S. military is investigating the deaths of 34 detainees as a result of interrogation techniques.
À뱂 Èñ»ý : »ç´ã Èļ¼ÀÎ Á¤±ÇÀÌ »ç¶óÁø µÚ¿¡µµ À̶óÅ©ÀεéÀº Á¡·É±º¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ À뱂 À¯¸°À» °æÇèÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù ¾Ë·ÁÁö±â ½ÃÀÛÇÑ Æ÷·Î Çдë¿Í ÇÔ²² Á¶»ç½É¹® °úÁ¤¿¡ 34¸íÀÇ Æ÷·Î°¡ »ç¸ÁÇÑ µ¥ ´ëÇÑ Á¶»ç°¡ ÁøÇà ÁßÀÌ´Ù.
Sovereignty Costs: Despite the proclaimed "transfer of sovereignty" to Iraq, the country will continue to be occupied by U.S. and coalition troops and have severely limited political and economic independence. The interim government will not have the authority to reverse the nearly 100 orders by CPA head Paul Bremer that, among other things, allow for the privatization of Iraq's state-owned enterprises and prohibit preferences for domestic firms in reconstruction.
ÁÖ±ÇÀÇ Èñ»ý : ºÎ°¢µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â À̶óÅ©·ÎÀÇ "ÁÖ±Ç ÀÌÇà"¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í À̶óÅ©´Â ¹Ì±¹°ú ¿¬ÇÕ±ºÀÇ Á¡·ÉÇÏ¿¡ ³²°ÔµÇ¸ç Á¤Ä¡Àû °æÁ¦Àû µ¶¸³¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ½É´ëÇÑ Á¦¾àÀ» ¹Þ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÓ½ÃÁ¤ºÎ´Â ÀÓ½ÃÇàÁ¤ºÎÀÇ Æú ºê·¹¸Ó°¡ ´ÜÇàÇÑ 100°³¿¡ ´ÞÇÏ´Â ¸í·ÉÀ» Ãë¼ÒÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ Áß¿¡´Â À̶óÅ© ±¹À¯ ±â¾÷ÀÇ »çÀ¯È­¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¶Ä¡¿Í º¹±¸Àç°Ç »ç¾÷¿¡ À̶óÅ© ±â¾÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¼± ¼±Á¤À» ±ÝÁöÇÏ´Â ¸í·Éµµ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ.

III. Costs to the World ¼¼°è¿¡ ¹ÌÄ£ ¿µÇâ
Human Costs: While Americans make up the vast majority of military and contractor personnel in Iraq, other U.S.-allied "coalition" troops have suffered 116 war casualties in Iraq. In addition, the focus on Iraq has diverted international resources and attention away from humanitarian crises such as in Sudan.
Àΰ£ Èñ»ý : ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀÌ ±º°ú ¹Î°£ÀÎ ±â¾÷¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ ÀηÂÀÇ ´Ù¼ö¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ°í ÀÖÁö¸¸ ¹Ì±¹°ú Á¦ÈÞÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬ÇÕ±º Áß 116¸íÀÌ »ç¸ÁÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í ´õºÒ¾î À̶óÅ©¿¡ °ü½ÉÀÌ ÁýÁߵǸ鼭 ¼ö´Ü°ú °°Àº ´Ù¸¥ ÀεµÁÖÀÇ Â÷¿øÀÇ À§±â°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ Áö¿ª¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¹Á¦Àû Áö¿øÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁöÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

International Law: The unilateral U.S. decision to go to war in Iraq violated the United Nations Charter, setting a dangerous precedent for other countries to seize any opportunity to respond militarily to claimed threats, whether real or contrived, that must be "pre-empted." The U.S. military has also violated the Geneva Convention, making it more likely that in the future, other nations will ignore these protections in their treatment of civilian populations and detainees.
±¹Á¦¹ý : À̶óÅ© ÀüÀïÀ» °¨ÇàÇÑ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÀϹæÀû °áÁ¤Àº À¯¿£ ÇåÀåÀ» À§¹ÝÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î, ½ÇÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ¶Ç´Â Á¶ÀÛµÈ À§Çù¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼±Á¦ °ø°ÝÀ» ÁÖÀåÇϸ鼭 ±º»çÀû ´ëÀÀÀ» ´ÜÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ¼±·Ê¸¦ ³²°å´Ù. ¹Ì±ºÀº ¶ÇÇÑ Á¦³×¹ÙÁ¶¾àÀ» À§¹ÝÇÔÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡µéµµ ¹Î°£Àΰú Æ÷·Î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸È£ Á¶Ä¡¸¦ ¹«½ÃÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
The United Nations: At every turn, the Bush administration has attacked the legitimacy and credibility of the UN, undermining the institution's capacity to act in the future as the centerpiece of global disarmament and conflict resolution. The recent efforts of the Bush administration to gain UN acceptance of an Iraqi government that was not elected but rather installed by occupying forces undermines the entire notion of national sovereignty as the basis for the UN Charter.
À¯¿£ : ºÎ½Ã Á¤ºÎ´Â ±âȸ°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§¸¶´Ù À¯¿£ÀÇ Á¤Å뼺°ú ½Å·Ú¼ºÀ» °ø°ÝÇÏ¿© À¯¿£ÀÌ ÀüÁö±¸Àû Å»±º»çÈ­¿Í ºÐÀï ÇØ°á °úÁ¦¿¡¼­ ÇÙ½ÉÀûÀÎ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀÇ ±â¹ÝÀ» ¿ÍÇؽÃÄ×´Ù. ºÎ½Ã Á¤ºÎ°¡ ÃÖ±Ù ¼±°Å¸¦ ÅëÇÑ ¼±ÃâÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Á¡·É±º¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±¸ÃàµÈ À̶óÅ© ¹Î°£ Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇØ À¯¿£ÀÇ ½ÂÀÎÀ» È®º¸Çϱâ À§ÇØ Àü°³ÇÑ ÇൿÀº À¯¿£ ÇåÀåÀÇ ±âÃÊ°¡ µÇ´Â ±¹°¡ ÁÖ±Ç °³³äÀ» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¿ÍÇؽÃŲ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Coalitions: Faced with opposition in the UN Security Council, the U.S. government attempted to create the illusion of multilateral support for the war by pressuring other governments to join a so-called "Coalition of the Willing." This not only circumvented UN authority, but also undermined democracy in many coalition countries, where public opposition to the war was as high as 90 percent.
¿¬ÇÕ±º : À¯¿£ ¾Èº¸¸®ÀÇ ¹Ý´ë¿¡ Áï¸éÇÑ ¹Ì±¹ Á¤ºÎ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¶ó Á¤ºÎµé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ¼ÒÀ§ "ÀÇÁöÀÇ µ¿¸Í"¿¡ Âü¿©Çϵµ·Ï ¾Ð¹ÚÇÏ¿© ÀüÀï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ÙÀÚÀû ÁöÁöÀÇ È¯»óÀ» ¸¸µå·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº À¯¿£ÀÇ ±ÇÀ§¸¦ ¿ÍÇؽÃÄ×À» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀüÀï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëÁßÀû ¹Ý´ë°¡ 90%¿¡ À̸§¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í Æĺ´À» °­ÇàÇϵµ·Ï ¾Ð¹ÚÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀÇ ±â¹ÝÀ» ¿ÍÇؽÃÄ×´Ù.

Global Economy: The $151.1 billion spent by the U.S. government on the war could have cut world hunger in half and covered HIV/AIDS medicine, childhood immunization and clean water and sanitation needs of the developing world for more than two years. As a factor in the oil price hike, the war has created concerns of a return to the "stagflation" of the 1970s. Already, the world's major airlines are expecting an increase in costs of $1 billion or more per month.
Áö±¸ °æÁ¦ : ¹Ì±¹ Á¤ºÎ°¡ ÀüÀï¿¡ ÁöÃâÇÏ´Â 1,511¾ï ´Þ·¯·Î´Â ¼¼°è ±â¾Æ »óȲÀ» ¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÁÙÀÌ°í ¿¡ÀÌÁî Ä¡·á¾àÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ°í 2³âµ¿¾È °³µµ±¹ÀÇ À¯¾Æ ¿¹¹æ ÁÖ»ç Á¦°ø, ±ú²ýÇÑ ¹° È®º¸, À§»ý ½Ã¼³ È®º¸¸¦ ½ÇÇöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¼®À¯ °¡°ÝÀÇ ÀλóÀÇ ÇÑ ¿äÀÎÀÌ µÈ ÀüÀïÀº 1970³â´ëÀÇ ½ºÅ×±×Ç÷¹À̼ÇÀÇ ÀçÇöÀÇ ¿ì·Á¸¦ ³º°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¹Ì ¼¼°è ÁÖ¿ä Ç×°ø»çµéÀº ¸Å´Þ 10¾ï ´Þ·¯ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ºñ¿ë Áõ°¡¸¦ ¿¹»óÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Global Security: The U.S.-led war and occupation have galvanized international terrorist organizations, placing people not only in Iraq but around the world at greater risk of attack. Although the regime of Saddam Hussein had been brutal at home, it had not been responsible for an international terrorist attack since 1993.
Áö±¸ ¾Èº¸ : ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ ÁÖµµÇÑ ÀüÀï°ú Á¡·ÉÀº ±¹Á¦ Å×·¯ Á¶Á÷µéÀÇ È°µ¿ °­È­¸¦ ºÎÃß±èÀ¸·Î½á À̶óÅ© ±¹¹Îµé»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¼¼°Ô ¸ðµç ³ª¶ó »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇèÀ¸·Î ¸ô¾Æ³Ö°í ÀÖ´Ù. »ç´ã Èļ¼ÀÎ Á¤±ÇÀÌ ±¹³»¿¡¼­ ÀÜÀÎÇÑ ÅëÄ¡¸¦ Çß´Ù°í´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸ 1993³â ÀÌÈĺÎÅÍ´Â ±¹Á¦ Å×·¯ °ø°Ý¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.

Global Environment: U.S.-fired depleted uranium weapons have contributed to pollution of Iraq's land and water, with inevitable spillover effects in other countries. The heavily polluted Tigris River, for example, flows through Iraq, Iran and Kuwait.
Áö±¸ ȯ°æ : ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ ¹ß»çÇÑ ¿­È­ ¿ì¶ó´½ ÆøźµéÀº À̶óÅ©ÀÇ ÅäÁú°ú ¼öÁú ¿À¿°À» ÀÏÀ¸Ä×À¸¸ç ÁÖº¯ ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¶óµé¿¡°Ô±îÁö ±× ¿µÇâÀÌ ÀüÆÄµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ½É°¢ÇÏ°Ô ¿À¿°µÈ Ƽ±×¸®½º °­Àº À̶óÅ©, À̶õ, Äí¿þÀÌÆ®¸¦ °üÅëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Human Rights: The Justice Department memo assuring the White House that torture was legal stands in stark violation of the International Convention Against Torture (of which the United States is a signatory). This, combined with the widely publicized mistreatment of Iraqi prisoners by U.S. intelligence officials, gave new license for torture and mistreatment by governments around the world.
À뱂 : ¹Ì±¹ ¹ý¹«ºÎ°¡ ¹é¾Ç°ü¿¡ º¸³½ °í¹®ÀÌ ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀ̶ó´Â ÀÇ°ß¼­´Â (¹Ì±¹ÀÌ °¡ÀÔÇÑ) ±¹Á¦°í¹®¹æÁöÁ¶¾àÀÇ ½É´ëÇÑ À§¹ÝÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¹Ì±¹ Á¤º¸ ±â°ü ¿ä¿øµé¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ À̶óÅ© Æ÷·Îµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºñÀΰ£Àû Ãë±Þ°ú ÇÔ²² ¼¼°è ¸¹Àº ³ª¶ó Á¤ºÎ¿¡ °í¹®°ú ºñÀΰ£Àû ó¿ì¸¦ ³²¿ëÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀ» ¿­¾î³õ¾Ò´Ù.
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